THOV NYIAJ RAU HAUV ALKYL GLUCOSIDES

Fischer glycosidation yog tib txoj kev ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis uas tau ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no thiab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom loj ntawm alkyl polyglucosides. Ntau cov nroj tsuag uas muaj peev xwm ntau dua 20,000 t / xyoo twb tau paub lawm thiab nthuav cov khoom lag luam ntawm surfactants kev lag luam nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm saum npoo av raws li cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv dua tshiab. D-Glucose thiab linear C8-C16 fatty alcohols tau ua pov thawj tias yog cov khoom noj uas nyiam. Cov educts no tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm alkyl polyglucosides los ntawm kev ncaj qha Fischer glycosidation los yog ob-kauj ruam transglycosidation ntawm butyl polyglucoside nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acid catalysts, nrog dej raws li ib tug by-product. Cov dej yuav tsum tau distilled los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov thiaj li hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib npaug mus rau cov khoom xav tau. Thaum lub sij hawm glycosidation txheej txheem, inhomogeneities nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov yuav tsum tau zam, raws li lawv ua rau ntau heev tsim ntawm thiaj li hu ua polyglucosides, uas yog heev undesirable. Ntau qhov kev sib tw ua haujlwm yog li ntawd tsom mus rau homogenizing educts n-glucose thiab cawv, uas tsis zoo miscible vim lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm polarity. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, glycosidic bonds yog tsim ob qho tib si ntawm fatty cawv thiab n-glucose thiab ntawm n-glucose units lawv tus kheej. Alkyl polyglucosides yog li tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov lej sib txawv ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov saw ntev alkyl residue. Txhua qhov ntawm cov feem, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsim los ntawm ob peb isomeric constituents, txij li thaum lub n-qabzib units xav tias txawv anomeric forms thiab nplhaib cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tshuaj sib npaug zos thaum lub sij hawm Fischer glycosidation thiab cov glycosidic linkages ntawm D-glucose units tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb ua ke txoj hauj lwm. . Qhov sib piv anomer ntawm D-glucose units yog kwv yees li α / β＝ 2: 1 thiab zoo li nyuaj rau cuam tshuam raws li kev piav qhia ntawm Fischer synthesis. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem thermodynamically tswj, cov n-glucose units muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib tov muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pyranosides. Qhov nruab nrab tus naj npawb ntawm n-glucose units ib alkyl residue, lub thiaj li hu ua degree ntawm polymerization, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov molar piv ntawm cov educts thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom. Raws li lawv cov lus tshaj tawm surfactant kom raug [1] kev sib raug zoo, kev nyiam tshwj xeeb yog muab rau alkyl polyglucosides nrog qib ntawm polymerization ntawm 1 thiab 3, uas kwv yees li 3-10 mol fatty cawv yuav tsum tau siv ib mole ntawm n-glucose hauv cov txheej txheem.

Lub degree ntawm polymerization txo qis raws li cov rog rog ntau ntxiv. Cov dej cawv ntau dhau yog sib cais thiab rov zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem nqus dej ntau ntau nrog cov evaporators ntog, kom cov thermal stress tuaj yeem khaws cia kom tsawg. Lub evaporation kub yuav tsum tsuas yog siab txaus thiab lub sij hawm sib cuag nyob rau hauv lub kub cheeb tsam tsuas yog ntev txaus los xyuas kom meej txaus distillation ntawm fatty cawv thiab ntws ntawm alkyl polyglucoside yaj yam tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb decomposition. Cov kauj ruam ntawm evaporation tuaj yeem siv tau zoo los sib cais ua ntej qhov qis qis, tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej cawv muaj roj, thiab thaum kawg cov dej cawv tseem tshuav, kom txog rau thaum alkyl polyglycoside melts raws li dej-soluble residue.

Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau kev sib xyaw thiab evaporation ntawm cov dej cawv muaj roj, cov xim av tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim, thiab cov txheej txheem bleaching yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua cov khoom. Ib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov tshuaj dawb huv uas tau ua pov thawj tias tsim nyog yog ntxiv tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing, xws li hydrogen peroxide, rau ib qho aqueous formulation ntawm alkyl polyglycoside nyob rau hauv nruab nrab alkaline nyob rau hauv muaj magnesium ions.

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sib txawv siv nyob rau hauv cov synthesis, post-processing thiab refining txheej txheem guarantee hais tias txawm niaj hnub no, tseem tsis tau siv dav "turnkey" tov kom tau ib yam khoom qib. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tag nrho cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tsim. Dongfu muab qee cov lus qhia txog kev tsim qauv thiab kev daws teeb meem, thiab piav qhia txog cov tshuaj thiab lub cev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom zoo.

Tag nrho peb cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb - homogeneous transglycosidation, txheej txheem slurry, thiab cov txheej txheem kev noj qabzib - tuaj yeem siv tau raws li kev lag luam. Thaum lub sij hawm transglycosidation, qhov concentration ntawm intermediate butyl polyglucoside, uas ua raws li ib tug solubilizer rau educts D-glucose thiab butanol, yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntau tshaj li 15% nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov kom tsis txhob inhomogeneities. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, cov dej concentration hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw ua haujlwm rau ncaj qha Fischer synthesis ntawm alkyl polyglucosides yuav tsum khaws cia tsawg dua li 1%. Nyob rau hauv cov dej ntau dua muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov cov crystalline D-glucose uas raug tshem tawm mus rau hauv ib qho tacky loj, uas yuav ua rau kev ua tsis zoo thiab ntau dhau ntawm polymerization. Kev sib xyaw kom zoo thiab homogenization txhawb kev sib faib zoo thiab rov ua haujlwm ntawm crystalline D-glucose hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov.

Ob qho tib si technical thiab economic yam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov txheej txheem ntawm synthesis thiab nws cov sophisticated variants ntau. Homogeneous transglycosidation txheej txheem raws li D-glucose syrups tshwm sim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim khoom tas mus li ntawm qhov loj. Lawv tso cai rau kev khaws cia mus tas li ntawm crystallization ntawm cov khoom siv raw D-glucose nyob rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis ntxiv, uas ntau dua li them nyiaj rau kev nqis peev ntau dua ib zaug hauv cov kauj ruam transglycosidation thiab rov qab los ntawm butanol. Kev siv n-butanol nthuav tawm tsis muaj lwm yam tsis zoo, vim nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua yuav luag tag kom cov khoom seem seem hauv cov khoom kawg rov qab tsuas yog ob peb feem ntawm ib lab, uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Direct Fischer glycosidation raws li cov txheej txheem slurry los yog cov txheej txheem kev noj qab haus huv dispenses nrog cov kauj ruam transglycosidation thiab rov qab los ntawm butanol. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua tau tsis tu ncua thiab hu rau kev siv nyiaj qis me ntsis.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov khoom siv thiab tus nqi ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv dua tshiab, nrog rau kev nce qib ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov alkyl polysaccharides, yuav muaj kev txiav txim siab rau kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm thiab kev tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev siv. Base polysaccharide twb muaj nws tus kheej cov kev daws teeb meem uas tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib tw hauv kev lag luam saum npoo rau cov tuam txhab tsim lossis tau txais cov txheej txheem zoo li no. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tus nqi siab thiab qis. Tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tsim khoom tau nce mus rau qib ib txwm, txawm tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hauv zos poob qis me ntsis, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev hloov pauv rau surfactants thiab tuaj yeem txhawb kev txhim kho cov nroj tsuag tshiab alkyl polysaccharide.