Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los npaj cov alkyl polyglycosides lossis alkyl polyglucosides sib tov. Ntau txoj kev siv hluavtaws muaj ntau yam los ntawm kev siv hluavtaws stereotactic siv cov pab pawg tiv thaiv (ua cov tebchaw xaiv xaiv) rau cov kev tsis xaiv hluavtaws (sib xyaw isomers nrog oligomers).
Txhua txoj kev tsim khoom tsim nyog rau kev siv ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li ntau yam. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Muaj lwm yam, xws li txo cov kev mob tshwm sim los yog pov tseg thiab emissions. Cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum hloov pauv kom cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam.
Hauv kev lag luam tsim khoom ntawm alkyl polyglycosides, txheej txheem raws li Fischer synthesis tau ua tiav. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob tau pib txog 20 xyoo dhau los thiab tau nrawm dua li kaum xyoo dhau los. Kev loj hlob nyob rau lub sijhawm no tso cai rau cov txheej txheem synthesis ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab thaum kawg txaus nyiam rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Optimizations ua hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm ntev-chain cawv xws li dodecanol / tetradecanol
(C12-14 -OH), tau txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Cov nroj tsuag niaj hnub tsim los ntawm Fischer Synthesis yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov pov tseg qis, xoom emission technology. Lwm qhov zoo dua ntawm Fischer synthesis yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem polymerization ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau yam ntawm qhov tseeb. Yog li, cov khoom muaj feem xyuam, xws li hydrophilicity / dej-solubility, tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tau raws li qhov xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv raw yog tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm anhydrous qabzib.
1. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos rau kev tsim cov alkyl polyglycosides
1.1 Fatty Cawv
Fatty alcohols tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov khoom siv petrochemical (synthetic fatty alcohols) los yog los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv dua tshiab xws li roj thiab roj (natural fatty alcohols). Fatty cawv sib tov yog siv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm alkyl glycosides los tsim cov hydrophobic ib feem ntawm lub molecule. Natural fatty alcohols tau txais los ntawm transesteration thiab sib cais ntawm cov roj thiab roj (triglyceride) los tsim cov fatty acid methyl ester, thiab hydrogenated. Nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm fatty cawv alkyl saw yuav tsum, cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb yog cov roj thiab cov rog: txiv maj phaub lossis xibtes roj rau C12-14 series, thiab siab, xibtes lossis rapeseed roj rau C16-18 fatty alcohols.
1.2 Carbohydrate qhov chaw
Qhov hydrophilic feem ntawm alkyl polyglycoside molecule yog muab los ntawm cov carbohydrate.
Macromolecular carbohydrates thiab monomer carbohydrates yog raws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab
pob kws, nplej lossis qos yaj ywm thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev npaj ntawm alkyl glycosides. Piv txwv li, polymer carbohydrate suav nrog qis qis qis ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab lossis qabzib phoov, thaum monomer carbohydrates tuaj yeem yog txhua hom qabzib, xws li cov piam thaj anhydrous, monohydrate qabzib, lossis cov kua qab qab zib heev.
Raw khoom xaiv cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog cov nqi raw khoom, tab sis kuj cov nqi tsim khoom.
Feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom siv raw khoom nce hauv qhov kev txiav txim hmoov txhuv nplej siab / glucose syrup / glucose monohydrate / dej tsis muaj qabzib thaum cog cov khoom siv thiab yog li cov nqi tsim khoom txo qis hauv tib qho kev txiav txim. (Daim duab 1)