Qhia txog ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl glucosides muaj cov hydrophobic alkyl residue tau los ntawm cov dej cawv fatty thiab cov qauv hydrophilic saccharide tau los ntawm D-glucose, uas txuas nrog glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus. Alkyl glucosides qhia cov alkyl residues nrog txog C6-C18 atoms, zoo li feem ntau surfactants los ntawm lwm pawg ntawm cov khoom, piv txwv li cov paub zoo alkyl polyglycol ethers. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog pawg hydrophilic headgroup, tsim los ntawm cov qauv saccharide nrog ib lossis ob peb glycosidically inter-linked D-glucose units. Nyob rau hauv cov organic chemistry, D-glucose units yog muab los ntawm carbohydrates, uas yog dav pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov suab thaj los yog oligo thiab polysaccharides. Qhov no yog vim li cas D-glucose units yog qhov kev xaiv pom tseeb rau pawg hydrophilic headgroup ntawm surfactants, txij li cov carbohydrates yog xyaum inexhaustible, txuas ntxiv raw cov ntaub ntawv. Alkyl glucosides tuaj yeem sawv cev hauv qhov yooj yim thiab dav dav los ntawm lawv cov qauv empirical.

Cov qauv ntawm D-glucose units qhia 6 carbon atoms. Tus naj npawb ntawm D-glucose units hauv alkyl polyglucosides yog n = 1 hauv alkyl monoglucosides, n = 2 hauv alkyl diglucosides, n = 3 hauv alkyl triglucosides, thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv, kev sib xyaw ntawm alkyl glucosides nrog ntau tus lej ntawm D-glucose units feem ntau hu ua alkyl oligoglucosides lossis alkyl polyglucosides. Thaum lub npe "alkyl oligoglucoside" yog qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, lo lus "alkyl polyglucoside" feem ntau yog lus dag, vim surfactant alkyl polyglucosides tsis tshua muaj ntau tshaj tsib D-glucose units thiab yog li tsis yog polymers. Hauv cov qauv ntawm alkyl polyglucosides, n qhia qhov nruab nrab ntawm D-glucose units, piv txwv li, qib ntawm polymerization n uas feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1 thiab 5. Cov saw ntev ntawm hydrophobic alkyl residues feem ntau yog ntawm X = 6 thiab X = 8 carbon atoms.

Txoj kev uas surfactant alkyl glucosides raug tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw, ua kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom kawg, uas tej zaum yuav yog cov tshuaj dawb huv alkyl glucosides lossis alkyl glucoside sib tov. Rau yav dhau los, cov kev cai ntawm nomenclature siv nyob rau hauv carbohydrate chemistry yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv no. Cov khoom sib xyaw alkyl glucoside nquag ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem surfactants feem ntau muab cov npe tsis tseem ceeb xws li "alkyl polyglucosides," lossis "APGs." Cov lus piav qhia muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem thaum tsim nyog.

Cov mis empirical tsis qhia qhov nyuaj stereochemistry thiab polyfunctionality ntawm alkyl glucosides. Cov saw ntev alkyl residues tuaj yeem muaj cov kab hluav taws xob los yog cov ceg ntoo, txawm hais tias cov kab alkyl residues feem ntau tau xaiv. Tshuaj hais lus, tag nrho cov D-glucose units yog polyhydroxyacetals, uas feem ntau txawv nyob rau hauv lawv lub nplhaib qauv (derivable los ntawm tsib-tus tswv cuab furan los yog rau-tus tswv cuab pyran rings) thiab nyob rau hauv lub anomeric configuration ntawm lub acetal qauv. Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau yam kev xaiv rau hom glycosidic bonds ntawm D-glucose units ntawm alkyl oligosaccharides. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv saccharide residue ntawm alkyl polyglucosides, cov kev hloov pauv tau ua rau manifold, complex chemical structures, ua rau kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj no nyuaj zuj zus.