Cov txheej txheem detergency ntawm dej-raws li hlau ntxuav cov neeg ua haujlwm

Cov nyhuv ntxuav ntawm cov dej-raws li cov hlau ntxuav yog ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom ntawm surfactants xws li ntub dej, nkag mus, emulsification, dispersion, thiab solubilization. Tshwj xeeb: (1) Wetting mechanism. Cov pab pawg hydrophobic ntawm cov surfactant nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav cov tshuaj ua ke nrog cov roj molecules ntawm cov hlau saum npoo kom txo qhov nro ntawm cov roj thiab cov hlau nto, kom cov adhesion ntawm cov roj thiab cov hlau yog txo thiab tshem tawm hauv qab. cuam ​​tshuam ntawm mechanical quab yuam thiab dej ntws; (2) kev nkag mus tshuab. Thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav, cov surfactant diffuses rau hauv cov av los ntawm kev nkag mus, uas ntxiv swells, softens thiab loosens cov roj stain, thiab dov tawm thiab ntog tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm mechanical quab yuam; (3) Emulsification thiab dispersion mechanism. Thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm txhua yam quab yuam, cov hlau nto av yuav emulsified los ntawm cov surfactant nyob rau hauv lub ntxuav kua, thiab cov av yuav dispersed thiab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub aqueous tov nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm mechanical quab yuam los yog lwm yam khoom xyaw. (4) Solubilization mechanism. Thaum cov concentration ntawm cov surfactant nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav yog ntau tshaj qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration (CMC), roj thiab organic teeb meem yuav solubilized los ntawm ntau yam degrees. (5) Synergistic tu nyhuv. Nyob rau hauv cov dej-raws li tus neeg saib xyuas, ntau yam additives feem ntau yog ntxiv. Lawv tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua kom yooj yim lossis chelating, softening cov dej tawv thiab tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv qhov system.