Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ua sulfonated lossis sulfated los ntawm SO3 feem ntau muab faib ua 4 pawg; benzene nplhaib, cawv hydroxyl pawg, ob daim ntawv cog lus, A-carbon ntawm Ester pawg, cov khoom siv raw yog alkylbenzene, fatty cawv (ether), olefin, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), cov khoom lag luam yog cov khoom lag luam linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (tom qab no. xa mus rau LAS), AS, AES, AOS thiab MES. Cov hauv qab no los qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm sulfonic acid thiab sulfate surfactants raws li categorized los ntawm cov organic functional pawg yuav sulfonated los ntawm SO3.

2.1 alkylaryl sulfonates
Alkyl aryl sulfonate yog hais txog ib chav kawm ntawm sulfonate surfactants npaj los ntawm sulfonation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog sulfur trioxide nrog cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab li cov organic ua haujlwm. Cov khoom lag luam muaj xws li LAS thiab cov saw ntev alkyl benzene sulfonate, Heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate (HABS), roj av sulfonate thiab alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, thiab lwm yam.

2.1.1 Muaj linear alkyl benzene sulfonate
LAS yog tau los ntawm sulfonation, aging, hydrolysis thiab neutralization ntawm alkylbenzene. LAS feem ntau yog khaws cia thiab muag hauv daim ntawv ntawm alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, nws yog neutralized nrog alkali. Tseem muaj khaws cia thiab muag hauv daim ntawv ua cov ntsev ntsev. LAS muaj kev ntub dej zoo, emulsifying, foaming thiab detergency, thiab nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov surfactants (AOS, AES, AEO), thiab nws muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws xws li ntxhua hmoov, xab npum thiab ntxuav kua. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm LAS yog nws qhov tsis zoo rau cov dej tawv. Nws yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau ntxiv calcium thiab magnesium ion chelating agents thaum siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, LAS yog degreasing heev thiab muaj qee yam khaus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
2.1.2 ntev saw alkyl benzene sulfonate
Long-chain alkyl benzene sulfonate feem ntau yog hais txog ib chav kawm ntawm surfactants nrog cov pa roj carbon ntev dua 13, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv cov roj tertiary rov qab, thiab feem ntau siv nrog hnyav alkyl benzene sulfonate. Cov txheej txheem dav dav yog siv HF ua cov khoom siv ua kom alkylation ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hnyav ua kua dehydrogenation, xws li cov saw ntev alkanes, olelfin sib tov nrog Benzene los yog Xylene los npaj Long chain alkyl benzene. Tom qab ntawd siv SO3 membrane sulfonation los npaj cov saw ntev alkylbenzene sulfonic acid.
2.1.3 Heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate
Hnyav alkylbenzene sulfonate yog ib qho ntawm cov surfactants tseem ceeb siv nyob rau hauv oilfield dej nyab. Nws cov khoom siv raw khoom hnyav alkylbenzene yog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm dodecylbenzene, cov txiaj ntsig qis dua (<10%), yog li nws qhov chaw muaj tsawg. Lub Cheebtsam ntawm hnyav alkylbenzene yog qhov nyuaj, feem ntau suav nrog alkylbenzene, dialkylbenzene,
diphenylene, alkylindane, tetralin thiab lwm yam.
2.1.4 Petroleum sulfonate
Petroleum sulfonate yog ib hom surfactant npaj los ntawm SO3 sulfonation ntawm roj av distillate roj. Kev npaj cov roj av sulfonate feem ntau yog siv cov roj av distillate hauv zos ntawm cov roj teb ua cov khoom siv raw. Cov txheej txheem ntawm sulfonation suav nrog: roj SO3 zaj duab xis sulfonation, kua SO3 kettle sulfonation, thiab roj SO3 tshuaj tsuag sulfonation.
2.1.5 Alkyl Diphenyl Ether Disulfonate (ADPEDS)
Alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate yog ib chav kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm surfactants nrog ob pawg sulfonic acid hauv cov molecule. Nws muaj cov ntawv tshwj xeeb hauv emulsion polymerization, tsev neeg thiab kev lag luam tu, textile printing thiab dyeing. Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj monosulfonate surfactants (xws li LAS), pawg disulfonic acid muab nws qee qhov tshwj xeeb lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, uas zoo heev solubility thiab stability nyob rau hauv 20% muaj zog acid, muaj zog alkali, inorganic ntsev thiab bleaching agent daws. Nws muaj monoalkyl diphenyl ether bissulfonate (MADS), monoalkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate (MAMS), thiab dialkyl Diphenyl ether bissulfonate (DADS) thiab bisalkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate (DAMS) yog tsim, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog MADS, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog MADS. 80%. Cov khoom sulfonated ntawm alkyl diphenyl ether, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acid, muaj viscosity siab heev. Feem ntau, dichloroethane yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj thiab npaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem kettle sulfonation.