ALKYL MONOGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl monoglucosides muaj ib chav D-glucose. Cov qauv ntawm lub nplhaib yog ib yam ntawm D-glucose units. Ob leeg tsib thiab rau lub nplhaib uas suav nrog ib qho pa oxygen atom raws li heteroatom muaj feem xyuam rau furan lossis pyran systems. Alkyl D-glucosides nrog tsib lub nplhaib yog li ntawd hu ua alkyl d-glucofuranosides, thiab cov uas muaj rau-tus tswv cuab rings, alkyl D-glucopyranosides.

Tag nrho cov D-glucose units qhia txog kev ua haujlwm acetal uas nws cov pa roj carbon atom tsuas yog txuas rau ob lub atoms oxygen. Qhov no yog hu ua anomeric carbon atom lossis anomeric center. Lub npe hu ua glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov alkyl residue, nrog rau kev cog lus nrog oxygen atom ntawm lub nplhaib saccharide, los ntawm cov atomeric carbon atom. Rau kev taw qhia hauv cov saw hlau, cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm D-glucose units tau suav nrog tsis tu ncua (C-1 txog C-6) pib nrog cov pa roj carbon atom. Cov pa oxygen atoms raug suav raws li lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm cov saw hlau (O-1 txog O-6). Lub anomeric carbon atom yog asymmetrically hloov thiab yog li ntawd muaj peev xwm xav tias ob txawv configuration. Qhov tshwm sim stereoisomers yog hu ua anomers thiab txawv los ntawm prefix α lossis β. Raws li cov lus cog tseg nomenclature anomers qhia tau hais tias ib qho ntawm ob qhov kev teeb tsa uas nws cov glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus taw qhia rau sab xis hauv Fischer projection qauv ntawm glucosides. Precisely qhov opposite yog muaj tseeb ntawm cov anomers.

Hauv nomenclature ntawm carbohydrate chemistry, lub npe ntawm alkyl monoglucoside yog tsim raws li hauv qab no: Kev tsim cov alkyl residue, lub npe ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa anomeric, lub suab "D-gluc," lub npe ntawm daim ntawv cyclic, thiab ntxiv qhov xaus " nyob." Txij li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv saccharides feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom lossis cov pa oxygen atoms ntawm pawg thawj lossis theem nrab hydroxyl pawg, kev teeb tsa ntawm asymmetrical carbon atoms tsis nquag hloov, tshwj tsis yog hauv qhov chaw anomeric. Hauv qhov kev hwm no, qhov nomenclature rau alkyl glucosides yog qhov ua tau zoo, txij li lub suab "D-gluc" ntawm niam txiv saccharide D-glucose khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ntau hom kev tawm tsam thiab cov tshuaj hloov pauv tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov lus tom qab.

Txawm hais tias qhov systematics ntawm saccharide nomenclature tuaj yeem tsim tau zoo dua raws li Fischer qhov projection qauv, cov qauv Haworth nrog cov qauv cyclic ntawm cov saw hlau feem ntau nyiam ua cov qauv qauv rau saccharides. Cov kev kwv yees Haworth muab qhov kev xav zoo dua ntawm cov qauv molecular ntawm D-glucose units thiab nyiam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no. Hauv cov qauv ntawm Haworth, cov hydrogen atoms txuas nrog lub nplhaib saccharide feem ntau tsis nthuav tawm.